from the cape to cairo cartoon analysis from the cape to cairo cartoon analysis

The dignity of the bereaved Filipino in this cartoon is a stark contrast to the usual demeaning stereotypes of half devil and half child that Kipling endorsed and many cartoonists reinforced. The expedition met with unexpectedly fierce opposition from Boxers and Qing dynasty troops and was forced to retreat. On May 1a month before the celebratory second magazine cover reproduced here was publishedCommodore George Dewey destroyed a Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the Philippines. The Maine had been dispatched to Cuba to support an indigenous insurrection against Spain. Progress was promoted as an unassailable value that would bring the worlds barbarians into modern times for their own good and the good of global commerce. Commercial interests not only drove U.S. policy in Asia, but also shaped public opinion about it. The White Mans Burden was used by both pro- and anti-imperialist factions. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1938). Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled Civilization with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled Barbarism. | Print shows Chauncey M. Depew and Robert G. Ingersoll, each in the arms of the other, pointing to quotations attributed to them that justify American imperialist activities 1 print : chromolithograph. From road troubles to the political plight, those who brave this journey will leave the continent a true child of the soil. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . - | Illustration shows Britannia standing with an injured landowner and an African man, showing them a view of the future when "Enlightened Government" comes to South Africa after 1 print : chromolithograph. Publisher. Translated from Russian. Gambone, Robert L.Life on the Press The Popular Art and Illustrations of GeorgeBenjamin Luks(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009). | Print shows John Bull reclining on luggage labeled "J.B." and boxes of "War Supplies" and "Commissary Supplies" at the "Hotel Egypt" where an Egyptian man is hanging 1 print : chromolithograph. Contemporary wars in the Philippines and Transvaal (the Boer War) comprise the foreground of the Think It Over battlefield. The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship. George Benjamin Luts,The Verdict, August 21, 1899. This special issue of LAssiette au Beurre drew particular attention to the brutal tactics adopted by the British in the Boer War, including herding the families of the Boer opponent into concentration camps. Long-standing personifications and visual symbols for countries were used by cartoonists to dramatize events to suit their message. Smith, Arthur Henderson. Civilization warns Chinas passive emperor to stop the Anarchy, Murder, and Riot spread by Boxer insurgentsvisualized as a dragon crawling over the city wallattacking missionaries, Chinese Christians, and Westerners. Cape to Cairo: the Rhodes Colossus Author: Sambourne, Edward Linley Description: The idea of a connection between the southernmost and northernmost seabords of Africa was held for several decades as the Cape-to-Cairo fantasy, notably by Cecil Rhodes. , 1902. 3, pp. [1] [2] The project was never completed. How does the "Prelude to the Scramble" (Visual Source 18.1) differ from "From the Cape to Cairo" (Visual Source 18.3)?, 2. Allied troops departed Tianjin for Beijing on August 4. (The exception would be Manchuria, alternating between Russian and Japanese control in the coming years.) In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. We had no design of aggrandizement and no ambition of conquest. Most viewers will probably agree that there is nothing really comparable in the contemporary world of political cartooning to the drafting skill and flamboyance of these single-panel graphics, which appeared in such popular periodicals as Puck and Judge. Source:Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University, By 1901, John Bull and Uncle Sam were bogged down in prolonged overseas wars at a cost, here, the "Philippine War $80,000,000 yearly" and the "Boer War 16,000,000 yearly." An exceptionally vivid cartoon version of Kiplings message titled The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling) was published in Judge on April 1, 1899. 799820 (June 2000). The caption, "From the Cape to Cairo. The Boxer Uprising was a godsend for the righteous exponents of a world divided, between the civilized West and barbaric Others. Activity: Imperialism Cartoons - The World - G.E. Beasley By the spring of 1900, Boxer attacks were spreading toward the capital city of Beijing. (DOI:10.1080/14664658.2011.559749), Twain, Mark. A rescue expedition made up of troops from eight nations, under the command of the British Vice-Admiral Edward Seymour, left Tianjin for Beijing. Co.. Puck Bldg.. NY] Photograph. Save the republic : Anti-imperialist leaflet no. How such uncivilized behavior fit the rhetoric of the civilizing mission is the subject of the Life cartoon, A Red-Letter Day. Against a backdrop of distant flames, a Filipino mansympathetically drawn as tall, handsome, and heroic in contrast to the usual caricature of a tiny, expressionless savage in a grass skirtis questioned by a clergyman. Contemporary conflicts are spelled out over dark clouds. Just as a thousand years ago the Huns under their King Attila made a name for themselves, one that even today makes them seem mighty in history and legend, may the name German be affirmed by you in such a way in China that no Chinese will ever again dare to look cross-eyed at a German. First Lessons in Self Government. The paper on desk reads: The New Class. - Summary Illustration shows Britannia carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advancing on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism". The aggressors brought progress in the form of modern technology, communications, and Western dress and culture. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). If you dont do it I shall have to., The First Duty. Reimagining Zimbabwe's Cape-to-Cairo Railroad - FOCUS on Geography Colossal goddess figures and other national symbols were overwritten with the message on their clothing and the flags they carried. What historical event or imperialist practice is this cartoon referencing? Leur rve (Their dream). On May 1, the U.S. Navy scored its first major victory in foreign watersfar from assured given the weakness of the American fleet at the timeby defeating Spanish warships defending their longtime Pacific colony in the Battle of Manila Bay. 1 print : chromolithograph. Although the completion of a railroad spanning the length of Africa was looking less likely, segments of the Cape-to-Cairo Railroad were becoming increasingly important to Rhodesia's economic development. [View Extract]. The Forbidden Book: The Philippine-American War in Political Cartoons(San Francisco: TBoli Pub. What were the effects of Belgian imperialism? The caption, From the Cape to Cairo. In the eyes of the West, China was dangerously close to chaos as the new century began. Europeans, this reads, Pour the Blessings of Their Culture over the Globe., Der Europer giesst die Segnungen seiner Kultur ber den Erdball aus (The Europeans pour the blessings of its culture over the globe). What are the motivations/justifications for this anti-imperialism? The anti-imperialist Life magazine was similarly attuned to the hypocrisy of cloaking military violence in pious rhetoric. The Middle East as Seen Through Foreign Eyes - University of Chicago - In May 1900, for example, artist William Bengough scathingly debunked a speech by President McKinleyonce again justifying the U.S. actions in taking of the Philippines by forceby depicting him as a parson standing on the face of a dead Filipino. Asking only the open door for ourselves, we are ready to accord the open door to others. The U.S. follows Britains imperial lead carrying people from Barbarism at the base of the hill to Civilization at its summit. Within a barred room, its walls painted blood-red, a cohort of five army officers headed by a sword-wielding Major General Elwell Stephen Otis (1838-1909), military governor of the Philippines, forces a manacled war correspondent to write only approved dispatches. TR Center - From the Cape to Cairo - Theodore Roosevelt Center 1 print : chromolithograph. Source:Library of Congress. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. The Boxers, China, and the World(Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007). MIT Visualizing Cultures https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. Scene The Congo Free State; artist: Linley Sambourne. The Harvest in the Philippines. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, July 6, 1899. Uncle Sams New Class in the Art of Self-Government. W. A. Rogers,Harpers Weekly: A Journal of Civilization, August 27, 1898. Office hours: By appointment only. | Print shows John Bull reclining on luggage labeled "J.B." and boxes of "War Supplies" and "Commissary Supplies" at the "Hotel Egypt" where an Egyptian man is hanging 1 print : chromolithograph. In an 1895 Puck cartoon, A Rival Who Has Come to Stay, John Bull gapes while Uncle Sam proudly displays his prowess as Uncle Sam the Ship Builder. The U.S. Navy moved up from twelfth to fifth place in the world. Source: Houghton Library, Harvard University. By contrast, with the exception of Sudan, the burden Britain bears reflects backward older cultures that look forward to civilization or back, condescendingly, at those people, cultures, and societies deemed even closer than they to barbarism. Both visually and textually, the white mans burden was steeped in derision of non-white, non-Western, non-Christian others. And, After All, the Philippines are Only the Stepping-Stone to China. Emil Flohri,Judge, ca. The Cape Town To Cairo Tour Remains One Of Travel's Pinnacle - Forbes Civilization (to China). The aggressive quest for new marketsChinas millions being the most covetedwas justified as part of the benevolent and inevitable spread of progress. The Great Rapprochement describes a shift in the relationship of the U.S. and Great Britain that, in the 1890s, moved from animosity and suspicion to friendship and cooperation. The 'Cape to Cairo' idea, dating back at least to 1876, and Rhodes' active promotion of a railway linking the . Keppler, U. J. | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. 203228. The poem acknowledged the thanklessness of a task rewarded with The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard and sentimentalized the savage wars of peace as self-sacrificial crusades undertaken for the greater good. The caption is ominous: War on Earth. Each of the three major turn-of-the-century wars left a trail of contention in the visual record. In an 1898 two-page spread in Puck, female symbols of the two nations, Columbia and Britannia, meet as mother and daughter to celebrate their reunion After Many Years. Wearing archaic breastplates and helmets, with trident and sword, these outsized, archetypal crusaders helm modern warships. A Red-Letter Day. BritanniaDaughter! - 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. Looming on the left, the Eastern Question refers to the long-standing British confrontation with Russia in the Balkans that would soon extend to conflict over Britains Cape to Cairo strategy in Africa. Lucky Filipinos: the Philippine-American War. such as microfilm or copy prints? Keppler, Udo J., Artist. Co., Puck Bldg., NY [New York: Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, NY. This special issue illustrated by Thophile Steinlen comprises a particularly gruesome mural depicting the bloodshed of contemporary colonial wars in Turkey, China, and Africa. Barbarie Civilisation. Full caption: It's all a matter of perspective. In this mocking Life cartoon, a Chinese man with an overturned Bible at his feet laughs ironically at how both the Bible and Uncle Sam relish scenes of slaughter. Beyond commercial and military prowess, the two nations formed a natural brotherhood within attitudes later labeled as social Darwinism. Written by the French Africanist and . Under the American flag, patriotic words end with a question mark: Tis the Star-Spangled Banner, Oh! When applied to people and cultures, the survival of the fittest doctrine gave wealthy, technologically-advanced countries not only the right to dominate backward nations, but an imperative and duty to bring them into the modern world. Every week on Mon, Wed, until Dec 13, 2021, 33 occurrence(s), Join Zoom Meeting A mound of scribbled papers from an overflowing wastebasket testifies to the coercion exerted upon him to induce cooperation. Ugly and shocking scenes of violence in 19th-century American life are ironically captioned as refined and elegant to challenge the self-image of a nation contributing cash to save the heathen of foreign lands while ignoring its own barbarity. Citing Primary Sources. The Exploration of Africa: From Cairo to the Cape - Wikipedia Library of Congress Duplication Services. In The Pigtail Has Got to Go, a white-robed goddess wears a star that radiates over a Chinese mandarin. Even the language of Lifes caption is subversive, for it picks up a famous pro-imperialist speech by Theodore Roosevelt titled The Strenuous Life. Delivered on April 10, 1899, two years before Roosevelt became president, the most famous lines of the speech were these: I wish to preach, not the doctrine of ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the strenuous life, the life of toil and effort, of labor and strife; to preach that highest form of success which comes, not to the man who desires mere easy peace, but to the man who does not shrink from danger . Model students Hawaii and Porto Rico appear as docile girls learning their lessons. She researches visual narrative and digital historiography using the visual historical record.This article was adapted from Visualizing Cultures. J. Ottman Lithographic Company, Printer, and Udo J Keppler. Barbarism lies at the base of the mountain to be climbed by Uncle Sam and John Bullwith civilization far off at the hoped-for end of the journey, where a glowing figure proffers education and liberty. The fifth stanza of Kiplings poem refers to an ascent toward the light: Barbarisms companion attributes of backwardness, spelled out on the boulders underfoot, include oppression, brutality, vice, cannibalism, slavery, and cruelty. All are erstwhile British soldiers. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. - Library Of Congress Je l'ai fait relguer sous bonne escorte. Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Is the item digitized? Mish Mish Effendi cartoon 1930s. Powered by WordPress. W. H. P. Signs of Promise.The Advocate of Peace, pp. Freedom and Peace for all Time. ca. A priest of the Church of England, his father served as curate of Brentwood Essex for fifteen years, until 1849, when he became the vicar of Bishop's Stortford, where . Gillams sub-caption is All this for politicsis civilization advancing?. A chained War Correspondent is forced to rewrite his reports under the direction of Major General Elwell Otis during the Philippine-American War. Wake / J. Ottmann Lith. It is all too easy to assume that Americans, English, and others on the home front could not see what their nations were doing overseas. With little opposition, Allied troops foraged for food and water in deserted villages, where the few who remainedoften servants left to protect propertyusually met with violence. The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling). Victor Gillam,Judge, April 1, 1899. Beginning in 1896, the British carried out military expeditions in Sudan in order to reassert control over the Upper Nile region. What did the public back home know about the fighting of these far-off wars? He talks to each student separately and tells them that he is sure that they shared answers, but he cannot be sure who copied from whom. T Time A Action A man stand up over a land C Caption The Rhodes Colossus Striding from Cape Town to Cairo O Objects A giant man, boots, land, a hat, clouds a gun, uniform. Uncle Sam and his English cousin have the world between them. Here, the United States has ingested Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines. Three overlapping turn-of-the-century conflicts in particular stirred the righteous rhetoric of the white imperialists. The angel of peace and caption suggest that their joint strength will bring about world peace. Around 1904 or 1905in another impassioned response to the American war in the Philippines (which officially ended in 1902 but in practice dragged on for many years thereafter)Twain penned a short essay titled The War Prayer. The essay is now regarded as an exemplary indictment of blind patriotism coupled with religious fanaticism. AHistory of American Magazines. New Forces in Old China: An Inevitable Awakening(New York: F.H. - What do they expect from a drunken soldier, anyway? As the golden goose, Chinas perceived mass market was to be protected for free trade against takeover by increasingly assertive foreign powers. Hawaii and Porto Rico are model female students. From the Cape to Cairo Collection: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Description: Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. Brown, Arthur Judson. An elaborate Puck graphic from early in 1899 called School Begins incorporates all the players in a classroom scene to illustrate the legitimacy of governing without consent. and Distributor, 2004). The message suggests that the indigenous man will be brought out of ignorance through the inescapable march of progress in the form of Western civilization. The French leftwing magazine LAssiette au Beurre (The Butter Plate) had a substantive run from April, 1901 to October, 1912. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog Britains John Bull leads Uncle Sam uphill as the two imperialists take up the White Mans Burden in this detail from an overtly racist 1899 cartoon referencing Kiplings poem. L'humanit de nos soldats est admirable et ne se lasse pas malgr la frocit des Bors (Rapport officiel au War Office. As the U.S. moved into the Pacific, Chinas millions represented an enticing new market, but the eruption of the anti-Christian, anti-foreign Boxer movement threatened the civilizing mission there. Download Image of From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler.. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. As a long-established world empire, Great Britain held sway over some 12 million square miles and a quarter of the worlds population. Whom or what did you include or leave out of the image? Source:Bibliothque nationale de France, In this cartoon from the French special issue on concentration camps in the Boer War, a gaunt Britannia is the only living creature in a vast graveyard for dead British soldiers. 11, Issue 40, No. Nishi, Masao - Institut Mirovogo Khoziastva I Mirovo Politiki (Kommunisticheskaia Akademiia) - Varga, Eugen. While the European powers favored Spain in the Spanish-American War, for example, neutral Britain backed the U.S. During the 1898 Battle of Manila Bay, British ships quietly reenforced the untried U.S. navy by blocking a squadron of eight German ships positioned to take advantage of the situation. And Peace Shall Rule. Udo Keppler,Puck, May 3, 1899. Translated from Russian. For example, the light of civilization literally illuminated vicious, helpless, or clueless barbarians. From the Cape to Cairo (1900 edition) | Open Library Rhodes_cartoon_analysis+FINAL.docx - Name: Grady Lentz As Britain stepped up financial industries, shipping, and insurance to make up the deficit, global sea power took on additional significance. Uncle Sam was portrayed both with youthful energy and as a paternal older figure straining to follow in John Bulls footsteps as he took up the White Mans Burden., After Many Years: The Great Rapprochement. ColumbiaMother! Louis Dalrymple,Puck, June 15, 1898. Photograph. in: Puck, v. 52, no. Keppler rendered this as Japan Makes her Dbut Under Columbias Auspices, with Columbia, Britannia, and a geisha-like Japan at the center of the scene. (1902) From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. LC-DIG-ppmsca-25696 (digital file from original print). (This coincided with the annexation of Hawaii as a U.S. territory in congressional votes in June and July of the same year.) As Twain saw it, the U.S. war against the nascent Philippine Republic amounted to little more than mimicry of Britains bloody war of conquest in South Africa. Bickers, Robert A. and R. G. Tiedemann. Literature follows, holding the text of Kiplings poem, The White Mans Burden. Music plays an organ labeled Two Step SymphonyDollar Mark Forever. Behind Music comes Sculpture, holding up a monument to a war hero. "Major Grogan's Financial Analysis," EAS (6 August 1926), 1, 5, 7-8. Source:Library of Congress. Twain went along, partly out of concern for his family, and The War Prayer was not published until 1916, six years after his death. However, brutally repressive policies followed that included accusations of genocide. Boxer attacks on Western infrastructure and the siege of foreign diplomats in Beijing gave the international powers a pretext for entering China with military force. The laudatory rhetoric and imagery of a white mans burden and civilizing mission received a sharp rejoinder in a cartoon published by Life in April, 1901 under the title March of the Strenuous Civilization. In this sardonic rendering of the realities of imperialist expansion, a missionary leads the charge holding a Missionary Ledger. Immediately behind him march a sword-brandishing sailor carrying loot and a rifle-bearing soldier carrying booty. Science comes next, clutching lyddite, a high explosive first used by the British in the Boer War. The caption again ironically quotes an Official Report to the War Office that praises the British soldiers bravery in the face of a fierce enemy, in this case women and children: The humanity of our soldiers is admirable and does not tire despite the ferocity of Boers., Vers le Camp de Reconcentration (To the Concentration Camp). In the civilization narrative, barbarians were commonly identified as the non-Western, non-white, non-Christian natives of the less-developed nations of the world. In often searing graphics, they challenged the complacent propagandists for Western expansion by addressing (and illustrating) a devastating question about the savage wars of peace. Thus, under the Here lies (Hic jacet) on each gravestone, we see generic names coupled with places of origin extending from England to Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, India, Ceylon, and Egypt. Hevia, James Louis. Cairo and Cape Town, the twin citadels of British power and presence in Africa. Includes bibliographical references and index. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Reports of the Boxer attacks seeped out of the beleaguered area and misinformation spread, like this headline in the New York Times on July 30: Wave of Massacre Spreads over China. Misery Loves Company: Parallel Colonial Wars (1899-1902). The long text accompanying this grim illustration reads as follows: It appears that the Filipinos have lost confidence in Americans. U.S. Thompson, Roger R. Reporting the Taiyuan Massacre fromThe Boxers, China, andthe World. The Rhodes Colossus by Lalo Vzquez - Prezi 8, No. Name: From the Cape to Cairo Material: Color offset lithograph Size: Unknown Date: 1898 Place of Origin: New York City Location: Unknown Source and Registration#: Created by Joseph Keppler John Woods Professor of Iranian and Central Asian History and of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago Alexander Barna The Presidents Speech. William Bengough,Life, May 24, 1900. Co., Puck Bldg. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and This will help reinforce what youve already learned about imperialism and will give you more insight into both the minds of the imperialists as well as those who rejected this type of domination. Mans Burden, in the caption to thisLifecover published shortly after Kiplings poem. Includes bibliographical references and index. Britain is digesting China, Egypt, Australia, Africa, Canada, and India. In 1927, Mashonaland Railways was renamed Rhodesia Railways as efforts were underway to expand the country's rail system. Vol 172 (February 1901). Newly conquered populations, described in the opening stanza as your new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child would need sustained commitments to serve your captives needs.. Good Will to Nobody.Life, January 4, 1900, Source: Widener Library, Harvard University, UnlikePuckandJudge, Life was often highly critical of U.S. overseas expansion. And, more subtly yet, it reflected the shift from the nations agrarian roots toward global engagement. In these details, the headlight of a modern vehicle (Judge, 1900) and starlight from a goddess of civilization (Puck, 1898) illuminate demeaning caricatures of China. ", From the Cape to Cairo. In this rendering, progresseconomic, technological, and culturalis spread through global military aggression. ***, Topic: History 125 Virtual Edition the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on The foothold in the Philippines brought China within reach. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. To maintain its position in the international balance of power, Britain needed allies. Eighteen months before Steinlens disturbing mural, another German artist, Thomas Theodor Heine, published a similarly blood-soaked rendering of the barbarities perpetuated abroad by Western military forces. Several of these graphics from Puck commented on Americas problems at home while accusing others of being barbarians. From breathtaking sights to local culture, Africa is the heartbeat of the world, and anyone lucky . The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling) (detail). site.). Uncle Sam and John Bull, as fellow soldiers, survey the globe from a parapet. In Kiplings often-quoted phrase, this noble mission required willingness to engage in savage wars of peace.. Relatively free from European rivalries and well situated to become a transoceanic partner, the U.S. was courted for the role. The sign on the shores of England reads, John Bull The old reliable ship builder since 1861. In his right hand Rhodes holds a pith helmet with a rifle slung around his right shoulder. On February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. The influx of cheap Western goods eroded generations-long trading patterns, while telegraph and railroad lines were constructed in violation of superstitions, eliciting deep resentment among Chinese. Prisoners will not be taken! Quarto 377 pages. Three savage turn-of-the-century conflicts defined the milieu in which such rhetoric flourished: the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902 in South Africa; the U.S. conquest and occupation of the Philippines initiated in 1899; and the anti-foreign Boxer Uprising in China that provoked intervention by eight foreign nations in 1900. Japan is introduced in this 1899 cartoon as the lone Asian nation in the imperialist circle of world powers. Illus. [Read Online], Vaughan, Christopher. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. 1, July 6, 2015. 6 reviews. Though carving the Chinese melon was a popular metaphor, none of the invaders seriously considered partitioning the large country under foreign rule. The divine right of kingshere, Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany as a pompous war lord mounted on a colossal cannonis intermingled with the divine mission of clergy, often the first Westerners allowed into foreign lands.