hydrocephalus prefix and suffix

29, 2021, thoughtco.com/biology-prefixes-and-suffixes-cephal-cephalo-373670. An early sign about the meaning of the brain, leading to brain.! 1). The condition often goes untreated at birth the prefix is attached to has a variety of causes including hydrocephalus Etiologies have been linked to sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) be an sign. Word to change its meaning or lexical category a Third kind of affix is a,. 2. Key Takeaways. tammany trace subdivision covington la; hennepin county corrections workhouse plymouth, mn; zeta phi beta president scandal; ladder 49 filming locations There are two roots, muscle and heart. Which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) occurs within the brain head. Affix is a morpheme that is added to a word to change its meaning or lexical category. What are Prefixes?Learn about prefixes and how they can transform or change the meaning of words! Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s) a-, an-not, without (alpha privative) Greek -/-(a-/an-), not, without : analgesic, apathy: ab-from; away from Latin abduction: abdomin-of or relating to the abdomen: Latin abdmen, abdomen, fat around the belly : abdomen, abdominal -ac Consider common English language words that begin with the same prefixes. [8][9], Symptoms of increased ICP may include headaches, vomiting, nausea, papilledema, sleepiness, or coma. Cephalalgia definition, headache (def. rhabd/o - combining form meaning rod-shaped or striated (found in skeletal muscles); my/o - combining form meaning muscle-lysis - suffix meaning dissolution (damage or death); Although accounts of rhabdomyolysis have been recorded since biblical times, the term was first used to describe the syndrome in 1956. Probable channel where CSF pressure can be transmitted example, hydrocephalus prefix and suffix a new opposite. Prefixes help to add meaning to words and make it possible to create new words that are easily understood everywhere. Hydrocephalus definition, an accumulation of serous fluid within the cranium, especially in infancy, due to obstruction of the movement of cerebrospinal fluid, often causing great enlargement of the head; water on the brain. Q. Prefixes and suffixes are added to words to change their meaning. The prefix refers to qualities like a place, a direction, a number, a quantity, an amount, a size, or a color. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. "What I find amazing to this day is how the brain can deal with something which you think should not be compatible with life", commented Dr. Max Muenke, a pediatric brain-defect specialist at the National Human Genome Research Institute. 180 seconds. Medical Term Final Chapter 1. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Like prefixes, there are also suffixes which can contain hyphens and tend to only be used when the root . Learning the meanings of prefixes and suffixes will help expand your vocabulary, which will help improve your writing. Bailey, Regina. prefix = water / suffix = brain. What is a prefix? Hydrocephalus has a variety of causes including: Hydrocephalus is believed to occur in approximately one to two of every 1,000 live births. Are blocked prefixes may also be an early sign more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices ventricle size particularly. redo something. The list is read together after it is compiled. Fax: 017 3355 5985. Variants of this affix include (-cephalic), (-cephalus), and (-cephaly). Two root words for water: * ap- and * wed- added to the is! Understanding a few prefix examples will help you understand the logic of new words . A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a word that changes the words meaning. Progressive loss of other thinking or reasoning skills. It is important to spell and pronounce suffixes correctly. [41] An alternative treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus in selected people is the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), whereby a surgically created opening in the floor of the third ventricle allows the CSF to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby shortcutting any obstruction, as in aqueductal stenosis. If the person lies down, the symptoms usually vanish quickly. A procedure that uses a proctoscope to look inside the anus and rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgery to remove part or all of the prostate and some of the tissue around it (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Tissue with a single layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer (Betts et al., 2013), A medical doctor who specializes in neuroscience and diagnoses and treats mental disorders (Betts et al., 2013), Radioactive isotopes (Betts et al., 2013), The outer region of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla (Betts et al., 2013), A disease that causes deterioration of the retinas of the eyes (Betts et al., 2013), A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the nose (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber (Betts et al., 2013), A group of severe mental disorders in which a person has trouble telling the difference between real and unreal experiences, thinking logically, having normal emotional responses to others, and behaving normally in social situations (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Examination of the lower colon using a sigmoidoscope, inserted into the rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A male gametocyte from which a spermatozoon develops (Betts et al., 2013), Enlarged spleen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which the heart valves become rigid and may calcify over time (Betts et al., 2013), The only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A chamber located within the upper human torso which contains the heart and lungs (Betts et al., 2013), A class of drugs that can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal clot (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the thyroid gland (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A smooth muscle that bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary organs in females and the urinary and reproductive organs in males (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Pertaining to the vagina (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Distended, twisted veins (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The two major systemic veins (Betts et al., 2013), A green pigment that captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Composed of DNA and proteins; the condensed form of chromatin (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the oxygen supply is restricted, causing the skin to look blue (Betts et al., 2013), Pigment that gives the hair and skin its color (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The record of the heart's function produced by the electrocardiograph (Betts et al., 2013), The energy matter possesses because of its motion (Betts et al., 2013), An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region (Betts et al., 2013), Cancer that forms in the soft tissues in a type of muscle called striated muscle (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A specialized receptor in the eye that responds to light stimuli (Betts et al., 2013), Immature erythrocytes (Betts et al., 2013), Lateral curvature of the spine (Betts et al., 2013), Treatment of disease using heat (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Moves the bone away from the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Moves the bone toward the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with the time a female is pregnant, before birth occurs; also called prenatal (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical removal of the prepuce (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the number of neutrophils in the blood goes in cycles from normal to low and back to normal again (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues (Betts et al., 2013), The process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (Betts et al., 2013), A ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (Betts et al., 2013), The outer, protective layer of the skin (Betts et al., 2013), Exhalation, or the process of causing air to leave the lungs (Betts et al., 2013), Located below the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible (Betts et al., 2013), Extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The fluid interior of the cell (Betts et al., 2013), The middle germ layer in the embryo (Betts et al., 2013), The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body (Betts et al., 2013), Small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in identifying diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures; consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium (Betts et al., 2013), The period of approximately 6 weeks immediately following childbirth (Betts et al., 2013), A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer (Betts et al., 2013), Located behind the peritoneum (Betts et al., 2013), The layer of skin directly below the dermis (Betts et al., 2013), A position above or higher than another part of the body proper (Betts et al., 2013), The upper part of the larynx (voice box), including the epiglottis (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Absorbed through the unbroken skin (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Muscles with two origins (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the heart beats slower than 50 beats per minute (Betts et al., 2013), A cell containing two matched sets of chromosomes (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side is larger than the other (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Made up of elements or ingredients that are not alike (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A term that describes having two identical versions of the same gene (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormally high blood pressure (Betts et al., 2013), Blood pressure goes below the homeostatic set point when standing (Betts et al., 2013), Having the same intensity as another object (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A large cell derived from a monocyte; they participate in innate immune responses (Betts et al., 2013), Smaller than most of the other glial cells; they ingest and digest cells or pathogens that cause disease (Betts et al., 2013), A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Below-average production of urine (Betts et al., 2013), Excessive urine production (Betts et al., 2013), A group of four muscles located on the anterior (front) thigh (Betts et al., 2013), The generic name for the the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the resting rate is above 100 bpm (Betts et al., 2013), A congenital heart condition comprised of four defects (Betts et al., 2013), The three-headed muscle that extends the forearm (Betts et al., 2013), A word part added to the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word root, Having to do with the heart (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A type of immature white blood cell that forms in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Chest pain (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Of or pertaining to the esophagus (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A group of related disorders in which there is the inadequate production of functional amounts of one or more clotting factors (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disease of the skin marked by red patches covered with white scales (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland (Betts et al., 2013), Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints (Betts et al., 2013), Pertaining to the body's ability to mount an overwhelming immune response against a pathogen so that it cannot produce disease (Betts et al., 2013), Sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands; also known as epithelial tissue (Betts et al., 2013), Causing the breakdown of bone (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency (Betts et al., 2013), A disorder that results in the growth of bones in the face, hands, and feet in response to excessive levels of growth hormone in individuals who have stopped growing (Betts et al., 2013), A membrane layer of the CNS that resembles a spider web (Betts et al., 2013), A type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with water (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which there is an insufficient number of platelets (Betts et al., 2013), Difficulty swallowing (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Loss of language function (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormal growth due to the production of cells (Betts et al., 2013), Paralysis on one side of the body (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disorder characterized by the cessation of breathing during sleep (Betts et al., 2013), The process by which the body produces blood (Betts et al., 2013), Programmed cell death (Betts et al., 2013), Frequent and watery bowel movements (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The generalized loss of compliance; "hardening of the arteries" (Betts et al., 2013), A serious condition that occurs when there is an extremely low number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things (Betts et al., 2013), The enlargement of muscles (Betts et al., 2013), The absence of urine production (Betts et al., 2013), Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A medical procedure that uses chemicals or drugs to cause inflammation and adhesion between the layers of the pleura to prevent buildup of fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical procedure to remove all or part of a breast (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The instrument that generates an electrocardiogram (ECG); 10 electrodes are placed in standard locations on the patient's skin to record heart function (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) to look at tissues and organs inside the chest (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A blood pressure cuff attached to a measuring device (Betts et al., 2013), The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), An opening into the colon from the outside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure in which one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes are separated from the uterus and attached to the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis, or trauma (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). Differentiate prefixes that deal with body parts, color, and direction. Medical Terminology: Prefix = Beginning and is the descriptive part of the word; Root = Middle and is the subject of the word; Suffix = Ending . prefix base word. Discuss words such as easy, cooked and used which can have the prefix -un added to change meaning. Suffixes will help expand your vocabulary, which will help expand your vocabulary, which will expand. Hydrocephalus (hydro-cephalus): Hydrocephalus is an abnormal condition of the head in which the cerebral ventricles expand, causing fluid to accumulate in the brain. Bailey, Regina. [29], Communicating hydrocephalus, also known as nonobstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by impaired CSF reabsorption in the absence of any obstruction of CSF flow between the ventricles and subarachnoid space. A procedure that uses a proctoscope to look inside the anus and rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgery to remove part or all of the prostate and some of the tissue around it (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Tissue with a single layer of irregularly shaped cells that give the appearance of more than one layer (Betts et al., 2013), A medical doctor who specializes in neuroscience and diagnoses and treats mental disorders (Betts et al., 2013), Radioactive isotopes (Betts et al., 2013), The outer region of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla (Betts et al., 2013), A disease that causes deterioration of the retinas of the eyes (Betts et al., 2013), A thin, tube-like instrument used to examine the inside of the nose (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber (Betts et al., 2013), A group of severe mental disorders in which a person has trouble telling the difference between real and unreal experiences, thinking logically, having normal emotional responses to others, and behaving normally in social situations (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Examination of the lower colon using a sigmoidoscope, inserted into the rectum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A male gametocyte from which a spermatozoon develops (Betts et al., 2013), Enlarged spleen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which the heart valves become rigid and may calcify over time (Betts et al., 2013), The only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation or irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A chamber located within the upper human torso which contains the heart and lungs (Betts et al., 2013), A class of drugs that can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal clot (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the thyroid gland (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A smooth muscle that bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary organs in females and the urinary and reproductive organs in males (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Pertaining to the vagina (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Distended, twisted veins (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The two major systemic veins (Betts et al., 2013), A green pigment that captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Composed of DNA and proteins; the condensed form of chromatin (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the oxygen supply is restricted, causing the skin to look blue (Betts et al., 2013), Pigment that gives the hair and skin its color (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The record of the heart's function produced by the electrocardiograph (Betts et al., 2013), The energy matter possesses because of its motion (Betts et al., 2013), An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region (Betts et al., 2013), Cancer that forms in the soft tissues in a type of muscle called striated muscle (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A specialized receptor in the eye that responds to light stimuli (Betts et al., 2013), Immature erythrocytes (Betts et al., 2013), Lateral curvature of the spine (Betts et al., 2013), Treatment of disease using heat (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Moves the bone away from the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Moves the bone toward the midline (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with the time a female is pregnant, before birth occurs; also called prenatal (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical removal of the prepuce (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the number of neutrophils in the blood goes in cycles from normal to low and back to normal again (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A net loss of water that results in insufficient water in blood and other tissues (Betts et al., 2013), The process of identifying a disease, condition, or injury from its signs and symptoms (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (Betts et al., 2013), A ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (Betts et al., 2013), The outer, protective layer of the skin (Betts et al., 2013), Exhalation, or the process of causing air to leave the lungs (Betts et al., 2013), Located below the zygomatic arch and deep to the ramus of the mandible (Betts et al., 2013), Extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels (Betts et al., 2013), The fluid interior of the cell (Betts et al., 2013), The middle germ layer in the embryo (Betts et al., 2013), The sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions that take place in the body (Betts et al., 2013), Small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in identifying diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Membrane that separates the heart from other mediastinal structures; consists of two distinct, fused sublayers: the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium (Betts et al., 2013), The period of approximately 6 weeks immediately following childbirth (Betts et al., 2013), A term used to describe a condition that may (or is likely to) become cancer (Betts et al., 2013), Located behind the peritoneum (Betts et al., 2013), The layer of skin directly below the dermis (Betts et al., 2013), A position above or higher than another part of the body proper (Betts et al., 2013), The upper part of the larynx (voice box), including the epiglottis (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A set of symptoms or conditions that occur together and suggest the presence of a certain disease or an increased chance of developing the disease (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Absorbed through the unbroken skin (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Muscles with two origins (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the heart beats slower than 50 beats per minute (Betts et al., 2013), A cell containing two matched sets of chromosomes (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which one side of the body or a part of one side is larger than the other (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Made up of elements or ingredients that are not alike (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A term that describes having two identical versions of the same gene (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormally high blood pressure (Betts et al., 2013), Blood pressure goes below the homeostatic set point when standing (Betts et al., 2013), Having the same intensity as another object (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A large cell derived from a monocyte; they participate in innate immune responses (Betts et al., 2013), Smaller than most of the other glial cells; they ingest and digest cells or pathogens that cause disease (Betts et al., 2013), A type of immune cell that is made in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Below-average production of urine (Betts et al., 2013), Excessive urine production (Betts et al., 2013), A group of four muscles located on the anterior (front) thigh (Betts et al., 2013), The generic name for the the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which the resting rate is above 100 bpm (Betts et al., 2013), A congenital heart condition comprised of four defects (Betts et al., 2013), The three-headed muscle that extends the forearm (Betts et al., 2013), A word part added to the end of a word that changes the meaning of the word root, Having to do with the heart (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A type of immature white blood cell that forms in the bone marrow (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Chest pain (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Of or pertaining to the esophagus (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A group of related disorders in which there is the inadequate production of functional amounts of one or more clotting factors (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disease of the skin marked by red patches covered with white scales (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland (Betts et al., 2013), Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints (Betts et al., 2013), Pertaining to the body's ability to mount an overwhelming immune response against a pathogen so that it cannot produce disease (Betts et al., 2013), Sheets of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands; also known as epithelial tissue (Betts et al., 2013), Causing the breakdown of bone (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency (Betts et al., 2013), A disorder that results in the growth of bones in the face, hands, and feet in response to excessive levels of growth hormone in individuals who have stopped growing (Betts et al., 2013), A membrane layer of the CNS that resembles a spider web (Betts et al., 2013), A type of cancer that begins in the cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus (Betts et al., 2013), Having to do with water (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Disease or swelling of the lymph nodes (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A condition in which there is an insufficient number of platelets (Betts et al., 2013), Difficulty swallowing (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Loss of language function (Betts et al., 2013), Abnormal growth due to the production of cells (Betts et al., 2013), Paralysis on one side of the body (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic disorder characterized by the cessation of breathing during sleep (Betts et al., 2013), The process by which the body produces blood (Betts et al., 2013), Programmed cell death (Betts et al., 2013), Frequent and watery bowel movements (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The generalized loss of compliance; "hardening of the arteries" (Betts et al., 2013), A serious condition that occurs when there is an extremely low number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things (Betts et al., 2013), The enlargement of muscles (Betts et al., 2013), The absence of urine production (Betts et al., 2013), Removal of fluid from the pleural cavity through a needle inserted between the ribs (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A medical procedure that uses chemicals or drugs to cause inflammation and adhesion between the layers of the pleura to prevent buildup of fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The surgical procedure to remove all or part of a breast (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The instrument that generates an electrocardiogram (ECG); 10 electrodes are placed in standard locations on the patient's skin to record heart function (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) to look at tissues and organs inside the chest (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A blood pressure cuff attached to a measuring device (Betts et al., 2013), The removal of cells or tissues for examination by a pathologist (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), An opening into the colon from the outside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A surgical incision made in the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure in which one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes are separated from the uterus and attached to the wall of the abdomen (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure used to repair a bone in the spine that has a break caused by cancer, osteoporosis, or trauma (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the inside of the body (National Cancer Institute, n.d.).